Manufacturing process of glass bottle.
Glass bottle refers to a bottle made of glass. It is usually made of raw material high borosilicate glass, which is fired at a high temperature of more than 600 degrees. It is a new type of environmental protection product and is more and more favored by people.
Because the glass does not contain organic chemicals during the firing process, when people drink water or other drinks with the glass, they do not have to worry about the release of chemicals, which will be drunk into the stomach; In addition, because the glass surface is smooth and easy to clean, bacteria and dirt are not easy to breed on the glass wall, so people drink water with glasses is the healthiest and safest.
1. batching: according to the designed material list, weigh various raw materials and mix them evenly in a mixer. The main raw materials of glass are: quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, etc.
2. melting: the prepared raw materials are heated at high temperature to form a uniform bubble free liquid glass. This is a very complex physical and chemical reaction process. Glass is melted in a furnace. There are mainly two types of melting furnaces: one is a crucible kiln, where the glass frit is put in the crucible and heated outside the crucible.
3. forming refers to the transformation of molten glass into solid products with fixed shapes. Forming can only be carried out within a certain temperature range, which is a cooling process. The glass first changes from viscous liquid to plastic state, and then into brittle solid state. Forming methods can be divided into manual forming and mechanical forming.
A. Artificial forming. Again
(1) Blowing: use a nickel chromium alloy blowing pipe to pick a ball of glass and blow it while rotating in the mold. It is mainly used to form glass bubbles, bottles, balls, etc.
(2) Drawing: after blowing into small bubbles, another worker sticks them with a top plate. They blow and pull while they are mainly used to make glass tubes or rods.
(3) Press, pick up a ball of glass, cut it with scissors to make it fall into the concave die, and then press it with the convex die. It is mainly used to form cups, plates, etc.
(4) Free forming, after picking materials, directly make handicrafts with pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools.
B. Mechanical forming. Because of the high labor intensity, high temperature and poor conditions of artificial forming, most of them have been replaced by mechanical forming except free forming. Besides pressing, blowing and drawing, mechanical forming also has
(1) Calendering method is used to produce thick flat glass, engraved glass, metal wire glass, etc.
(2) Casting method to produce optical glass.
(3) Centrifugal casting method is used to manufacture large diameter glass tubes, utensils and large capacity reaction pots. This is to inject the glass melt into the high-speed rotating mold. Due to the centrifugal force, the glass clings to the mold wall, and the rotation continues until the glass hardens.
(4) Sintering method is used to produce foam glass. It adds foaming agent to the glass powder and heats it in a covered metal mold. During the heating process, many closed bubbles are formed in the glass. This is a good heat insulation and sound insulation material.
4. annealing. The glass undergoes intense temperature change and shape change during the forming process, which leaves thermal stress in the glass. This thermal stress will reduce the strength and thermal stability of glass products. If it is directly cooled, it is likely to rupture during cooling or later storage, transportation and use.